Apa bedanya simple present dan
present continuous? Untuk mengetahui bedanya, perhatikan paragraf
pendek di bawah ini. Perhatikan juga kata-kata yang bercetak miring.
It's 7:30 A.M., and the Wilsons are in their kitchen. Mrs. Wilson is sitting at the breakfast table. She is reading a newspaper. She reads the newspaper every morning. Mr Wilson is pouring a cup of coffee. He drinks two cups of coffee every morning before he goes to work. There is a cartoon on TV, but the children aren't watching it. They are playing with their toys instead. They usually watch cartoons in the morning, but this morning they aren't paying any attention to the TV. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson aren't watching the TV either. They often watch the news in the evening, but they don't watch cartoons. Kesimpulan yang kita peroleh dari paragraf di atas adalah sebagai berikut: Simple Present Berfungsi menyampaikan kegiatan rutin. Contoh kalimat dalam paragraf di atas: She reads the newspaper every morning. Mempunyai pola Subject + Verb 1 (s/es). Present Continuous Berfungsi menyampaikan kegiatan yang dilakukan sekarang. Dalam paragraf di atas, kalimat present continuous tense disesuaikan dengan konteks gambar. Contoh kalimat present continuous dalam paragraf di atas: She is reading a newspaper. Mempunyai pola Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Verb + ing.
It's 7:30 A.M., and the Wilsons are in their kitchen. Mrs. Wilson is sitting at the breakfast table. She is reading a newspaper. She reads the newspaper every morning. Mr Wilson is pouring a cup of coffee. He drinks two cups of coffee every morning before he goes to work. There is a cartoon on TV, but the children aren't watching it. They are playing with their toys instead. They usually watch cartoons in the morning, but this morning they aren't paying any attention to the TV. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson aren't watching the TV either. They often watch the news in the evening, but they don't watch cartoons. Kesimpulan yang kita peroleh dari paragraf di atas adalah sebagai berikut: Simple Present Berfungsi menyampaikan kegiatan rutin. Contoh kalimat dalam paragraf di atas: She reads the newspaper every morning. Mempunyai pola Subject + Verb 1 (s/es). Present Continuous Berfungsi menyampaikan kegiatan yang dilakukan sekarang. Dalam paragraf di atas, kalimat present continuous tense disesuaikan dengan konteks gambar. Contoh kalimat present continuous dalam paragraf di atas: She is reading a newspaper. Mempunyai pola Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Verb + ing.
1. Verb dalam simple present tense
hanya menggambarkan aktivitas atau kejadian yang berulang, atau rutinitas yang
telah terjadi/dilakukan oleh subject kalimat dari dulu sampai sekarang, besok,
dan mungkin sampai seterusnya. (Hal ini sudah dibahas secara detail disimple present vs past tense). Sebaliknya, dalam present
continuous tense, verb tersebut sedang in action atau in progress (sedang
terjadi atau sedang dilakukan oleh subject kalimat).
Tambah bingung? Well, sekarang
begini:
Kesan apa yang ada di pikiran kita
ketika kita bertanya : “Kamu biasanya ngapain malam Minggu?”
Kemudian, kesan apa yang ada di
pikiran kita ketika kita bilang :”Malam Minggu aku biasanya nonton TV di
rumah”, “Aku ketemu pacarku tiap malam Minggu”, “Aku kadang-kadang nengok
temen-temen”, dst? Kalimat-kalimat yang memiliki kesan seperti ini dalam bahasa
Ingris kita nyatakan dengan simple present tense.
- · What do you usually do on Saturday night?
- · I usually watch TV at home on Saturday night.
- · I meet my girlfriend every Saturday night.
- · Sometimes I visit my friends. dst
Sebaliknya, kesan apa yang ada di pikiran kita ketika kita
bertanya: “Kamu lagi (sedang) ngapain?”.
Kemudian, kesan apa yang ada di
pikiran kita ketika kita bilang : “Aku sedang nonton TV”, “Aku lagi baca koran
neh”, “Aku lagi nulis cerpen”, dst? Kalimat-kalimat yang memiliki kesan seperti
ini dalam bahasa Ingris kita nyatakan dengan present continuous tense.
·
What are you doing?
- · I am watching TV.
- · I am reading newspapers.
- · I am writing a short story. dst
2. Stative verbs tidak pernah digunakan dalam present continuous
tense, dan tensis-tensis progressive lainnya. Why? Karena sative verbs bersifat
pasif, hanya menyatakan (stating) fakta: apa yang ada di otak (pikiran), apa
yang dirasakan, dan apa yang ditangkap panca indera. Verbs ini tidak aktif
melakukan aksi. (Kata-kata yang tergolong stative verbs dapat dilihat di
topik simple present tense).
Misalnya: hear (pasif : mendengar)
vs listen (aktif:
mendengarkan).
- · I sometimes hear bad gossips about her. (pasif)
- · I sometimes listen to this song. (aktif)
- · I am listening to the song now. INCORRECT jika : I am hearing to the song now.
Contoh:
- · I think you will understand the difference between the simple present tense and the present continuous tense soon. (pasif)
- · I am confused and I am still thinking of how to differentiate between the simple present tense and the present continuous tense now. (aktif)
- · She looks beautiful in her new dress. (pasif)
- · She is looking for her new dress hurriedly. (aktif)
- · The jasmine smells very fragrant. (pasif)
- · She is smelling the jasmine passionately. (aktif)
- · The food tastes good. (pasif)
- · The chef is tasting the food he is cooking. (aktif)
- · The silk feels so soft. (pasif)
- · I am feeling the softness of the silk. (aktif)
3. Sebagian besar stative verbs (khususnya yang terkait dengan
panca indera) adalah jugalinking
verbs atau copulatives
verbs. Linking verbs (termasuk to be: is, am, are, was, were, be, been)
diikuti oleh adjectives (bukan oleh adverbs), dan adjectives ini menerangkan
subject kalimat. Di sini, linking verbs hanya berfungsi menjembatani adjectives
dengan subject, bersifat pasif, dan tidak aktif melakukan aksi. Dan seperti
halnya stative verbs, linking verbs tidak digunakan dalam present continuous
tense, dan tensis-tensis progressive lainnya.
Contoh:
- · She is smart, beautiful, and kind.
- · John looks very nervous when girls approach him.
- · This fried rice tastes delicious.
- · Andre always gets mad every time we talk about his being rejected by girls.
- · Adam’s apple becomes obvious when boys reach 17, doesn’t it?
- · Don’t panic! Please stay calm!
- · I want you to remain silent.
- · I love the sound of Balinese gamelan. It sounds great.
- · She seems very happy.
- · Most people appear relaxed after vacation.
Note: Semua verb yang dicetak
tebal adalah linking/copulative verb dan diikuti oleh adjective (bukan oleh
adverb).
She is being
nice to me? Benarkah kalimat ini? Bukankah
sebaiknya ditulis : “She is
nice to me”?
Kedua
kalimat ini grammatically correct, tapi memiliki makna yang berbeda. Pada
kalimat pertama, subject she aktif
berupaya agar tampak “nice/baik hati” di mata “me” atau agar object “me” merasa senang. Upaya itu SEDANG dilakukan
oleh she pada
saat kalimat ini diucapkan.
She has
disliked me since we were kids. She always says bad things about me. She’s
always mean to me. I don’t understand why she is treating me as if I were a
prince now. I guess she is
just being nice to me.
Sebaliknya,
kalimat kedua lebih menyatakan pada fakta/ kesan “nice” yang ada pada she
terhadap me. Kesan “nice”
ini ada sejak waktu tertentu di masa lampau, sampai sekarang dan mungkin sampai
seterusnya.
We have been friends since we were kids. She always
says good things about me. She always treats me well. She is always nice to me. She is the best. I hope we’re friends forever.
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